{"id":3313,"date":"2022-11-15T16:37:31","date_gmt":"2022-11-15T16:37:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/?p=3313"},"modified":"2022-11-15T18:55:08","modified_gmt":"2022-11-15T18:55:08","slug":"normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/fall-2022\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\/","title":{"rendered":"Normalizing the Abnormal: Americans\u2019 Individual and State Failure to Address Homelessness"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.40.03-1024x770.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3317\" width=\"653\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.40.03-1024x770.png 1024w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.40.03-300x226.png 300w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.40.03-768x578.png 768w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.40.03-1536x1155.png 1536w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.40.03-1000x752.png 1000w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.40.03-230x173.png 230w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.40.03-350x263.png 350w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.40.03-480x361.png 480w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.40.03.png 1888w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Figure 1<\/em>. Artwork \u201cWe\u2019ve gotten used to it\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-black-color has-text-color has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is a gusty rainy night on the streets of central Manhattan. Heat and steam rises up from the sewers. Subways howl with thousands of people traveling underground. Cuddled up in a corner, Ethan is soaked to the bone trying to catch a few winks of sleep without freezing to death. He sees the corner of Bryant Park Station as an alternative to the harsh conditions inside the shelters. He\u2019s tired of being robbed and getting kicked by random people&#8217;s feet when he tries to sleep in shelters. Instead he faces the biting cold, constant harassment, and unending sense of being ignored by the entire world.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I met Ethan during fall break in New York. After COVID-19, he went from having stable housing to being homeless. Ethan\u2019s mother lost her job as a cashier during the pandemic and sold everything in the house. Without a job and running out of money, he moved out of a home he shared with four other people, hoping to move to a warmer place sleeping outside.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>It Isn\u2019t Just About Him&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This story isn\u2019t just about Ethan. Countless stories like this happen every day across the country. Rising homelessness results in part by the roaring prices in big cities such as New York and San Francisco, two of the cities with the largest homeless populations in America. A five percent increase in housing&nbsp; rent led to an additional 2,982 people living on the street by 2018 (McPherson and Marian 2018). This compounds the pre-existing high homelessness populations in these cities before COVID.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.59.15-1024x753.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3320\" width=\"637\" height=\"467\" srcset=\"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.59.15-1024x753.png 1024w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.59.15-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.59.15-1000x735.png 1000w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.59.15-230x169.png 230w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.59.15-350x257.png 350w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.59.15-480x353.png 480w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.59.15.png 1292w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Figure 2<\/em>. 2019-567,715 total homeless population&nbsp;<br>Map: Jeremy Ney@AmericanInequality Source: HUD Created with Datawrapper<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>An Insufficient Safety Net for the Homelessness&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">Growing homelessness is a failure of the American welfare system. President Bill Clinton established Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) as a welfare reform bill in 1996 to offer limited cash assistance for the unemployed families.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">Many families have lost aid with the shift to TANF because of strict policies that require a job offer&nbsp; before applying for assistance (Hovmand 2019). Therefore, people who receive aid from the safety net have shifted dramatically, with the majority of assistance dollars now going to those who are working (Scholz et al. 2009). A substantial number of poor families have fallen through the cracks, disconnected from both stable, adequate wage income and cash aid. Even for families receiving the assistance, the average benefit amounts are paltry, ranging from $300 to $400 for a family of three (Edin and Shaefer 2015), which is far from enough.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">Moreover, the complex administrative requirements to access aid have led many poor families to abandon the program. Despite many unanswered phone calls, many impoverished families are unable to connect with the office that administers TANF.&nbsp; Some ultimately give up, discouraged by&nbsp;application procedures. Others fail the application process. These factors suggest that TANF is an ineffective, and insufficient system to assist non-working homeless people.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Alternative state welfare: Finland\u2019s success in Addressing Homelessness<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">While many welfare programs find the homelessness an intractable problem to solve, Finland has successfully reduced its homeless population.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">By contrast to the U.S, where TANF tries to find qualified recipients, Finland\u2019s government instead initiated its Housing First policy in 2008 which began with offering housing directly.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">The program offered permanent accommodation on a normal lease&nbsp;for the homeless. Depending on residents\u2019 income, they may contribute to the cost of the support services they receive. The rest is covered by the local government (Anon 2022). Residents meet with advisors to identify the rented expenses and how to access&nbsp;other government resources.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">As a result, Finland&#8217;s homeless population decreased drastically from 1989 to 2020:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.58.13-1024x595.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3319\" width=\"661\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.58.13-1024x595.png 1024w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.58.13-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.58.13-768x446.png 768w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.58.13-1536x892.png 1536w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.58.13-2048x1189.png 2048w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.58.13-1000x581.png 1000w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.58.13-230x134.png 230w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.58.13-350x203.png 350w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u622a\u5c4f2022-11-15-10.58.13-480x279.png 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 661px) 100vw, 661px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Figure 3<\/em>. Homelessness in Finland 1989-2020<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-black-color has-text-color has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It might be difficult to duplicate Finland\u2019s Housing First policy but the U.S. should at minimum take the following steps to&nbsp; first in the U.S. aid their homeless:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Start by offering reliable sufficient financial support<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Then help the homeless find jobs, so they can maintain a decent standard of living<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Supporting them with advisors and guides with individually tailored support services for healthcare and their finances, making the information about receiving the benefits more available.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once these initial basic steps are introduced, it may be possible to design programs better able to prevent family homelessness.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-black-color has-text-color has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Normalizing the Abnormal&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When asked about being ignored by most who pass him on the sidewalks, Ethan had this to say:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-text-align-center has-text-color is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"color:#735501\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#aa7603\"><strong>\u201cI\u2019ve gotten used to it.\u201d&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<cite>Ethan<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As ubiquitous as homelessness is in the United States, many housed people have become&nbsp; accustomed to&nbsp; ignoring the problem. Through this post, I want to encourage people to step out of their fixed routines and realize how we have normalized the abnormalities of homelessness and its attendant pain and suffering. Next time, when you see someone like Ethan on the street, at least notice them. They don\u2019t belong there.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Citations:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-black-color has-text-color has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anon. 2022&nbsp; \u201cHere&#8217;s How Finland Solved Its Homelessness Problem.\u201d World Economic Forum.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Edin, K. J., and &amp;. H. Luke Shaefer. 2015. <em>$ 2.00 a Day\u202f: Living on Almost Nothing in Amerika<\/em>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fowler, P. J., P. S. Hovmand, K. E. Marcal, and S. Das. 2019. \u201cSolving Homelessness from a Complex Systems Perspective: Insights for Prevention Responses.\u201d <em>Annual Review of Public Health<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Grogger, Jeffrey. 2003. \u201cThe Effects of Time Limits, the EITC, and Other Policy Changes on Welfare Use, Work, and Income among Female-Headed Families.\u201d <em>The Review of Economics and Statistics<\/em> 85(2):394\u2013408. doi: 10.1162\/003465303765299891.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Harrison, Fred. 2020. \u201cCyclical Housing Markets and Homelessness.\u201d <em>American Journal of Economics and Sociology<\/em> 79(2):591\u2013612. doi: 10.1111\/ajes.12322.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Heinrich, C. J. 2009. <em>Making the Work-Based Safety Net Work Better: Forward-Looking Policies to Help Low-Income Families<\/em>. Russell Sage Foundation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lee, Barrett A., Kimberly A. Tyler, and James D. Wright. 2010. \u201cThe New Homelessness Revisited.\u201d <em>Annual Review of Sociology<\/em> 36(1):501\u201321. doi: 10.1146\/annurev-soc-070308-115940.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mathur, A. 2015. \u201cTANF Is Failing The Non-Working Poor.\u201d in <em>TANF Is Failing The Non-Working Poor<\/em>. Forbes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">McPherson, Marian. 2018. \u201cSkyrocketing Home Prices Are Driving up Homelessness Rate.\u201d Inman.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ponio, J. 2022. <em>Can We Really End Homelessness? Our Father\u2019s House Soup<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tach, Laura, and Kathryn Edin. 2017. \u201cThe Social Safety Net after Welfare Reform: Recent Developments and Consequences for Household Dynamics.\u201d <em>Annual Review of Sociology<\/em> 43(1):541\u201361. doi: 10.1146\/annurev-soc-060116-053300.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It is a gusty rainy night on the streets of central Manhattan. Heat and steam rises up from the sewers. Subways howl with thousands of people traveling underground. Cuddled up in a corner, Ethan is soaked to the bone trying to catch a few winks of sleep without freezing to death. He sees the corner [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":178,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[184],"tags":[190,47,191],"class_list":["post-3313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fall-2022","tag-homelessness","tag-inequality","tag-public-policy"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Normalizing the Abnormal: Americans\u2019 Individual and State Failure to Address Homelessness - Sharing Sociology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/fall-2022\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Normalizing the Abnormal: Americans\u2019 Individual and State Failure to Address Homelessness - Sharing Sociology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It is a gusty rainy night on the streets of central Manhattan. Heat and steam rises up from the sewers. Subways howl with thousands of people traveling underground. Cuddled up in a corner, Ethan is soaked to the bone trying to catch a few winks of sleep without freezing to death. He sees the corner [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/fall-2022\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Sharing Sociology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-11-15T16:37:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-11-15T18:55:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ting Mei\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ting Mei\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/fall-2022\\\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/fall-2022\\\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ting Mei\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ef6ae58aa24310f5ba68fbeb5dbea649\"},\"headline\":\"Normalizing the Abnormal: Americans\u2019 Individual and State Failure to Address Homelessness\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-15T16:37:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-11-15T18:55:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/fall-2022\\\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1067,\"keywords\":[\"homelessness\",\"inequality\",\"Public Policy\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Fall 2024\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/fall-2022\\\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/fall-2022\\\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\\\/\",\"name\":\"Normalizing the Abnormal: Americans\u2019 Individual and State Failure to Address Homelessness - Sharing Sociology\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-15T16:37:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-11-15T18:55:08+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ef6ae58aa24310f5ba68fbeb5dbea649\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/fall-2022\\\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/fall-2022\\\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/fall-2022\\\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Normalizing the Abnormal: Americans\u2019 Individual and State Failure to Address Homelessness\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/\",\"name\":\"Sharing Sociology\",\"description\":\"Jaime Kucinskas, Hamilton College\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ef6ae58aa24310f5ba68fbeb5dbea649\",\"name\":\"Ting Mei\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/975c42a0ee0d0e85d799e4dd993ba42589a579f0919f1448cebcba70ff7658a3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/975c42a0ee0d0e85d799e4dd993ba42589a579f0919f1448cebcba70ff7658a3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/975c42a0ee0d0e85d799e4dd993ba42589a579f0919f1448cebcba70ff7658a3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Ting Mei\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/author\\\/tmei\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Normalizing the Abnormal: Americans\u2019 Individual and State Failure to Address Homelessness - Sharing Sociology","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/fall-2022\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Normalizing the Abnormal: Americans\u2019 Individual and State Failure to Address Homelessness - Sharing Sociology","og_description":"It is a gusty rainy night on the streets of central Manhattan. Heat and steam rises up from the sewers. Subways howl with thousands of people traveling underground. Cuddled up in a corner, Ethan is soaked to the bone trying to catch a few winks of sleep without freezing to death. He sees the corner [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/fall-2022\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\/","og_site_name":"Sharing Sociology","article_published_time":"2022-11-15T16:37:31+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-11-15T18:55:08+00:00","author":"Ting Mei","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Ting Mei","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/fall-2022\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/fall-2022\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\/"},"author":{"name":"Ting Mei","@id":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/#\/schema\/person\/ef6ae58aa24310f5ba68fbeb5dbea649"},"headline":"Normalizing the Abnormal: Americans\u2019 Individual and State Failure to Address Homelessness","datePublished":"2022-11-15T16:37:31+00:00","dateModified":"2022-11-15T18:55:08+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/fall-2022\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\/"},"wordCount":1067,"keywords":["homelessness","inequality","Public Policy"],"articleSection":["Fall 2024"],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/fall-2022\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\/","url":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/fall-2022\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\/","name":"Normalizing the Abnormal: Americans\u2019 Individual and State Failure to Address Homelessness - Sharing Sociology","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-11-15T16:37:31+00:00","dateModified":"2022-11-15T18:55:08+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/#\/schema\/person\/ef6ae58aa24310f5ba68fbeb5dbea649"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/fall-2022\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/fall-2022\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/fall-2022\/normalizing-the-abnormal-americans-individual-and-state-failure-to-address-homelessness\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Normalizing the Abnormal: Americans\u2019 Individual and State Failure to Address Homelessness"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/#website","url":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/","name":"Sharing Sociology","description":"Jaime Kucinskas, Hamilton College","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/#\/schema\/person\/ef6ae58aa24310f5ba68fbeb5dbea649","name":"Ting Mei","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/975c42a0ee0d0e85d799e4dd993ba42589a579f0919f1448cebcba70ff7658a3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/975c42a0ee0d0e85d799e4dd993ba42589a579f0919f1448cebcba70ff7658a3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/975c42a0ee0d0e85d799e4dd993ba42589a579f0919f1448cebcba70ff7658a3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ting Mei"},"url":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/author\/tmei\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/178"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3313"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3313\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}