{"id":2346,"date":"2022-04-11T23:13:18","date_gmt":"2022-04-11T23:13:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/?p=2346"},"modified":"2022-04-11T23:13:22","modified_gmt":"2022-04-11T23:13:22","slug":"the-truth-underground-nyc-subways","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/spring2020\/the-truth-underground-nyc-subways\/","title":{"rendered":"The Truth Underground – NYC Subways"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

Allie Ennis<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
The map on the left <\/a>(key shown), published by Andy Kiersz using data from the Census Bureau, depicts socioeconomic division in New York City. The map on the right<\/a>, published by Dustin Cable using data from the 2010 Census, depicts racial divide in New York City. Each blue dot represents one white person, each green dot an African-American person, each red dot an Asian person, each orange dot a Latino person, and each brown dot a person of an “other” race.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

To many, New York City seems the perfect cosmopolitan city: one defined by diversity and opportunity. But in reality, the history of segregation in the city remains very much alive. City dwellers \u201clive together,\u201d but they live apart \u2013 entire neighborhoods, institutions, and schools tend to be dominated by a certain race and socioeconomic class. [1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I grew up on the Upper West Side of Manhattan and attended a small, private school. My classrooms, apartment building, and regular hangouts were visited by people who looked and talked just like me. Growing up, the only place where I actually encountered diversity was the public subway system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
New York City Subway Map<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

I often think back to a group of siblings who I regularly saw \u2013 sometimes several times a week \u2013 while riding the 1 train to school. There were two boys and a girl. I remember feeling very different from them. As I sat in my plaid school uniform and dress shoes, they sported ripped jeans and worn-out sneakers. I quietly played games on my dad\u2019s phone, while they rowdily jumped in and out of their seats as their mom scolded them. I was struck by the differences between the ways we looked, the ways we spoke, the ways we presented ourselves in this common space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The subway, I have always believed, is the great connector of the city. It is the underground world where all people \u2013 people of all genders, races, and socioeconomic classes \u2013 gather together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The subway system is embedded with incredible culture \u2013 famous landmarks, musicians, and art. Most station walls are covered with graffiti, an art form that has become a way for the underprivileged and marginalized to express themselves and to gain influence across the city. The subway can be a social outlet for the systematically disempowered. [2]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, though, differences are often heightened on New York City subways in extreme, violent ways. Many homeless individuals choose to take shelter in subway stations and cars. Because of disproportionate mental illness among homeless individuals, this has often led to hostility in the subways. [3] Among the most recent incidences was the murder of Michelle Alyssa Go this past January. Go was pushed onto the tracks by a homeless and mentally ill individual. [4]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Furthermore, instances of violence on the subway are often racially-charged. In addition to hate crimes between patrons, subway stations across the city are populated with MTA officials and police officers who often make use of stop-and-frisk practices in poor neighborhoods where people of color tend to live. From 2008 to 2009, there were an average of 350 stops per year. The vast majority of those stops were men in poor and immigrant-majority neighborhoods. The police stops were violent, with 17% of men subjected to physical force from police. [5] Further, Black and Hispanic men are disproportionately sentenced to jail time for fare evasion charges. Ultimately, the majority of these cases are dismissed, suggesting there was no pressing reason for an initial arrest. [6] This trend is emblematic of larger inequality in the criminal justice system, which disproportionately arrests young Black and Latino men for minor crimes. [7]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, sexual violence on subway cars is rampant, particularly against female-identifying riders. In a 2007 study, 63% of randomly sampled women reported having been sexually harassed on the subway. Further, 69% of those instances happened in the morning or evening rush hours. Several studies have shown that the crowded nature of the subway system encourages some men to attempt to get away with crimes \u2013 groping, catcalling \u2013 that they might not have tried above ground. And they often succeed in flying under the radar. 96% of female victims mentioned above did not report the harassment incident. [8]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Growing up in a busy city, I was a very social kid \u2013 I often struck up conversations with children on my neighborhood playground I\u2019d never met before. And yet, I sat across from that family on the 1 train for years without ever saying a word. Because even as tiny children, we knew we were living in completely separate worlds. It\u2019s true that we all got off the subway at 116th street\u2026 but we continued in opposite directions, through the doors of vastly different primary schools. And most likely, we\u2019ve continued onto vastly different adult lives. I realize now how different our lives were, even as we sat right next to one another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Works Cited<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] Goodman, David. 2019. \u201cWhat the City Didn\u2019t Want the Public To Know: Its Policy Deepens Segregation.\u201d<\/a> New York: The New York Times. Retrieved April 6, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] Currid, Elizabeth. 2007. The Warhol Economy: How Fashion, Art, and Music Drive New York <\/em><\/em>City – New Edition<\/em>. Princeton: Princeton University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] Newman, Andy, Dana Rubinstein, and Michael Gold. 2022. \u201cNew York City Plans to Stop Homeless People from Sheltering in Subway.\u201d<\/a> New York: The New York Times. Retrieved March 8, 2022. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4] Hassan, Jennifer. 2022. \u201cAnother Person Shoved Onto New York\u2019s Subway Tracks Days After Michelle Go\u2019s Death.\u201d <\/a>Washington D.C.: The Washington Post. Retrieved April 6, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5] Tonnelat, Stephane and William Kornblum. 2017. International Express: New Yorkers on the 7 Train<\/em>. New York: Columbia University Press. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6] Goffman, Alice. 2009. \u201cOn The Run: Wanted Men in a Philadelphia Ghetto.\u201d American<\/em> <\/em><\/em>Sociological Review<\/em> 74<\/em>: SAGE publications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7] Alexander, Michelle. 2010. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of<\/em> <\/em><\/em> <\/em>Colorblindness<\/em>. New York: The New Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8] Stringer, Scott. 2007. \u201cHidden in Plain Sight: Sexual Harrassment and Assault in the New York City Subway System.\u201d<\/a> <\/em>New York: The New York Times. Retrieved March 9, 2022. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

To many, New York City seems the perfect cosmopolitan city: one defined by diversity and opportunity. But in reality, the history of segregation in the city remains very much alive. City dwellers \u201clive together,\u201d but they live apart \u2013 entire neighborhoods, institutions, and schools tend to be dominated by a certain race and socioeconomic class. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":111,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[105,55,126,95,109,144],"class_list":["post-2346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-spring2020","tag-education","tag-gender","tag-new-york-city","tag-racial-discrimination","tag-spring-2021","tag-subways"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Truth Underground - NYC Subways - Sharing Sociology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/spring2020\/the-truth-underground-nyc-subways\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Truth Underground - NYC Subways - Sharing Sociology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"To many, New York City seems the perfect cosmopolitan city: one defined by diversity and opportunity. 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