{"id":1168,"date":"2021-04-28T11:09:17","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T11:09:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/?p=1168"},"modified":"2021-04-28T17:12:46","modified_gmt":"2021-04-28T17:12:46","slug":"the-gray-area-subclinical-eating-disorders-in-female-college-athletes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/spring2020\/the-gray-area-subclinical-eating-disorders-in-female-college-athletes\/","title":{"rendered":"The Gray Area: Subclinical Eating Disorders in Female College Athletes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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[Pictured above is a collage comparing the difference between unrealistic body ideals advertised in the media with the diverse body types that female athletes need in order to succeed as athletes.]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

As a female athlete in college I noticed many of my teammates and other friends (who also happen to be athletes) frequently comment on their body weight and defects, and the food they allow themselves or not to consume. After some research, I found that my friends are in a gray area, where they don\u2019t have a clinical eating disorder, but most likely have an unhealthy relationship with food.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What do eating disorders in female athletes look like? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Female college students are particularly at risk of developing an eating disorder, as most eating disorders occur in women and in people under the age of 25 (Coelho<\/a>, 2014).\u00a0 However, athletes experience additional sport specific pressures. They are immersed in a social environment that focuses heavily on their bodies\u2019 appearance and performance (Greenlaf<\/a>, 2009). Sport specific conditions that can put athletes at risk of developing an eating disorder include weight regulation, lack of knowledge of necessary nutrient and fluid intake, excessive high intensity training, coaches\u2019 and peers behaviors and expectations, and the desire to be leaner in order to be faster (Coehlo<\/a>, 2014). As a result of these pressures, many female college athletes struggle with undiagnosed eating disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eating disorders, such as anorexia nerviosa<\/a>, bulimia<\/a>, and binge eating<\/a> are clinical mental health disorders involving major concerns around food, and body image and weight, which cause harmful eating behaviors (World<\/a>, 2020). However, female athletes that suffer from eating disorders, suffer from \u201canorexia athletica<\/a>\u201d. This is when nutrient consumption is restricted, so there is a limited energy intake despite high physical performance. Because anorexia athletica has some but not all of the characteristics of an eating disorder, it is considered a subclinical disorder<\/em> (Coelho<\/a>, 2014). Athletes may experience subclinical symptoms such as over exercising or a restrictive diet, \u201cas opposed to vomiting, dieting, laxatives, or diuretics, to control their weight\u201d (Greenlaf<\/a>, 2009). These symptoms are very dangerous because they are masked as performance driven behaviours, so they are hard to identify. Subclinical eating disorders often go undiagnosed, so many struggling athletes do not receive the treatment and help they need (Greenlaf<\/a>, 2009).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why does this “gray area” exist?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

For the most part, factors that lead to clinical eating disorders are the same as those that lead to subclinical disorders. However, once in this  \u201cgray area\u201d or subclinical disorders, it may be hard to recognize when people cross the line into clinical disorders. Perhaps society tends to see any medical condition in a black or white fashion, either you have it or you don\u2019t, which leads to a problematic viewing of this \u201cgray area\u201d. Automatically, subclinical eating disorders are not considered eating disorders, so they go untreated until they become too dangerous and have a long lasting negative impact on the female athletes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A first step to eliminating, or reducing anorexia athletica, would be for colleges and athletic programs to acknowledge that unhealthy eating behaviors and obsessions are common in female athletes across all sports. We must educate coaches, health professionals, and athletes on  the causes and symptoms. These should be common knowledge in athletic spaces, in order to identify and prevent these disorders. Hopefully, by promoting self-acceptance, healthy eating, and reasonable training and recovery, we can decrease subclinical eating disorders, and use collegiate sports as a tool to empower and inspire women.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bibliography<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coelho, Gabriela Morgado de Oliveira et al. \u201cPrevention of eating disorders in female athletes.\u201d Open access journal of sports medicine<\/em> vol. 5 105-13. 12 May. 2014, doi:10.2147\/OAJSM.S36528 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Greenleaf, Christy, et al. \u201cFemale Collegiate Athletes: Prevalence of Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating Behaviors.\u201d Journal of American College Health, vol. 57, no. 5, Mar. 2009, pp. 489\u2013496. EBSCOhost, doi:10.3200\/JACH.57.5.489-496.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

World Health Organization. \u201cAdolescent Mental Health,\u201d September 28, 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/adolescent-mental-health.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As a female athlete in college I noticed many of my teammates and other friends (who also happen to be athletes) frequently comment on their body weight and defects, and the food they allow themselves or not to consume. 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