{"id":1138,"date":"2021-05-03T20:16:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-03T20:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/?p=1138"},"modified":"2021-05-05T00:43:42","modified_gmt":"2021-05-05T00:43:42","slug":"__trashed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/spring2020\/__trashed\/","title":{"rendered":"Professional Sports: Gender Inequality in Airtime and Pay"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1021\" src=\"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/IMG_2489-1024x1021.jpeg\" alt=\"A television with male and female professional athletes on the screen. The male players are in black and white and the female players are in the middle and in color.\" class=\"wp-image-2047\" srcset=\"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/IMG_2489-1024x1021.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/IMG_2489-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/IMG_2489-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/IMG_2489-768x765.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/IMG_2489-1536x1531.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/IMG_2489-2048x2041.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/IMG_2489-830x827.jpeg 830w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/IMG_2489-230x229.jpeg 230w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/IMG_2489-350x349.jpeg 350w, https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/IMG_2489-480x478.jpeg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><span style=\"color:#000000\" class=\"tadv-color\">The female players are fewer in number to emphasize the unequal treatment, but also in color to show how the spotlight needs to be shed on them more. Made by gluing on pictures of the athletes and then painting a television around them.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ESPN is one of the major sports news companies in the world. As shown below, the top banner on ESPN.com includes shortcuts to only male leagues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/rycAYX3eop2rYPXddryzLi0gEUuLhSOlIderLj96qw6ClWqE8x1JIMgDm6zj9YpV_63hY7xx9Gngf05kCWsq_9Ors7iRuhwDhfc86AWGRG5WuTYFhULfTHhdNBk7V-IST73gd4iC\" alt=\"A banner from ESPN.com that has the most popular mens sports leagues.\" \/><figcaption><span style=\"color:#000000\" class=\"tadv-color\">The top banner on ESPN.com.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \u201cSoccer\u201d tab is not male-specific, yet when the computer mouse hovers over it, male leagues and teams dominate the screen. The only female team included here is the US Women\u2019s National Team. The inequality does not stop at how a website prioritizes teams or leagues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/RyBpD7HEGUC3ubmN_yvxjsVA2oWyY1nu7DspXQRNfugg9EDp5JX7NxwZxqLcO4THu4Nq9tVHM3YGXysrORCDdKiVgEbMByAhaF9DIb8dcXnZY5jaUDGEexjaP0jpwTCjj5WOswSh\" alt=\"A list of options of soccer teams and leagues that pops up when the computer mouse hovers over the soccer tab on ESPN.com's website homepage.\" \/><figcaption><span style=\"color:#000000\" class=\"tadv-color\">This banner is what shows up when the computer mouse hovers over the Soccer tab from the image above. <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sportscenter and other news shows devote the majority of their time to the three men\u2019s sports of football, basketball, and baseball. In 2009, these three sports took up 71.7% of all coverage. Sportscenter\u2019s coverage of women\u2019s sports in 2009 was a mere 1.4% of their airtime. This was a decline from the 2.2% of airtime Sportscenter gave women\u2019s sports in 1999.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even when top men\u2019s sports were not in season, they still had major stories about them instead of in season female teams. When women&#8217;s sports get airtime, newscasters often use sarcastic, disrespectful humor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/rIoU8am_vF79gn63rtc8AuCKqGLohQvyY82dxsXy-0PbTb2VQVrnTYHVn5aQmWF7l4dB7oce6L-lBcEhBs53nIY_nAGk0SMLlilo_pmC_hfGY2hUzjKH2KIHyrm7wZcTA43Dym0O\" alt=\"A Japanese woman wearing and holding up a green bra that unfolds into a putting green. There is also a mannequin in the background.\" \/><figcaption><span style=\"color:#000000\" class=\"tadv-color\">The Japanese putting green bra.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, before Christmas in 2009, KNBC had a 24 second story of a Japanese bra that unfolds into a putting green as a promotion for a gift for women \u201cwho love to play golf\u201d. This story was the only \u201cfemale sports\u201d story embedded in almost two weeks of exclusively football, baseball, men\u2019s soccer, and men\u2019s hockey stories.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The quality and quantity of airtime that professional women\u2019s sports get affects their athletes\u2019 salaries. With little or low-quality exposure, less people are informed about games, which leads to a smaller fan base, less ticket sales, less merchandise sales, and overall less income for the team.<sup>3<\/sup> With the amount of stories and coverage the NBA receives compared to the WNBA, it is easy to see why the maximum salary in the WNBA in 2015 was $109,500, whereas the maximum salary in the NBA in the same year was $16.4 million.<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are not just differences in annual salaries; there are also disparities in prize money. In 2014, when the German men\u2019s soccer team won the World Cup, their prize money was 44 times as much as the prize money the Japanese women\u2019s soccer team won for the World Cup in 2011.<sup>5<\/sup>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As it stands now, with unequal airtime and unequal salaries, women athletes\u2019 low salaries have consequences. If the players cannot support themselves with their salary, they either get a part-time job on top of professionally playing, or they are driven to a different career all together.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Something that could start to solve these inequalities would be for the sports networks, like <em>Sportscenter, <\/em>to change their allocations of airtime. If they make an effort to view more serious, respectful stories about women\u2019s sports, they could possibly bring in a larger fan base for female athletes. The best adjustment would be to split the airtime equally, so all teams and all genders get an equal amount of exposure, and the audience has an equal choice between who to watch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a female athlete, it is shocking that professional female athletes have to fight in order to achieve equal pay. What\u2019s disappointing is how much harder it is to find and watch a women\u2019s game than it is for a men\u2019s game. The change towards equality in exposure and salaries needs to happen for the next generation of young athletes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[1,2] Messner, Michael; Cooky, Cheryl. \u201cGender In Televised Sports: News and Highlight Shows, 1989-2009.\u201d <em>Center for Feminist Research <\/em>39 (2010): 437-453<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[3] Moawad, Jad. &#8220;Gender Inequality in Sports.&#8221; <em>FairPlay, Revista de Filosofia, \u00c9tica y Derecho del Deporte<\/em> 13 (2019): 28-53.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[4] Campbell, Honey; \u201cSuperior Play, Unequal Pay: U.S. Women&#8217;s Soccer and the Pursuit for Pay Equity <em>Comments<\/em>.\u201d <em>University of San Francisco Law Review <\/em>51 (2017): 545-570<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[5] Moawad.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ESPN is one of the major sports news companies in the world. As shown below, the top banner on ESPN.com includes shortcuts to only male leagues. The \u201cSoccer\u201d tab is not male-specific, yet when the computer mouse hovers over it, male leagues and teams dominate the screen. The only female team included here is the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-spring2020"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Professional Sports: Gender Inequality in Airtime and Pay - Sharing Sociology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/spring2020\/__trashed\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Professional Sports: Gender Inequality in Airtime and Pay - Sharing Sociology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ESPN is one of the major sports news companies in the world. 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The only female team included here is the [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/spring2020\/__trashed\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Sharing Sociology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-05-03T20:16:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-05-05T00:43:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\/sharingsociology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/IMG_2489-1024x1021.jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/spring2020\\\/__trashed\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/spring2020\\\/__trashed\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/247f836f8f5e6a8ebb99484dc04371e7\"},\"headline\":\"Professional Sports: Gender Inequality in Airtime and Pay\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-05-03T20:16:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-05-05T00:43:42+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/spring2020\\\/__trashed\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":699,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/spring2020\\\/__trashed\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/IMG_2489-1024x1021.jpeg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Spring 2020\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/spring2020\\\/__trashed\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/soc.hamiltonlits.org\\\/sharingsociology\\\/spring2020\\\/__trashed\\\/\",\"name\":\"Professional Sports: Gender Inequality in Airtime and Pay - 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